Fibroids: Why Are They Important for Women’s Health?
What Are Fibroids?
Fibroids are benign muscular tumours that develop in the uterus. These growths, which consist of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue, may grow towards the uterine cavity, within the muscular layer of the uterus or towards the outside of the uterus. Approximately 20% to 80% of women develop fibroids at some point in their lives. Fibroids generally occur between the ages of 30 and 40 and may cause symptoms in some cases.
What Are the Types of Fibroids?
Fibroids are classified according to their location within the uterus:
- Submucosal fibroids: These are located along the inner wall of the uterus.
- Intramural fibroids: These are embedded within the muscular layer of the uterus.
- Subserosal fibroids: These are fibroids that grow towards the outside of the uterus.
- Pedunculated fibroids: These are fibroids attached to the outside of the uterus by a stalk.
Who Is at Risk of Developing Fibroids?
Factors that may increase the risk of developing fibroids include:
- Age: They are more commonly seen in women in their thirties and forties.
- Family history: The risk is increased in women with a family history of fibroids.
- Obesity: Women with obesity are at greater risk.
- Diet: The consumption of red meat and processed meat may increase the risk of fibroids.
- Ethnic origin: Fibroids are more common among African-American women.
- Early onset of menstruation: Having the first menstrual period at an early age increases the risk.
What Are the Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids?
Fibroids do not cause symptoms in most women. However, some women may experience the following:
- Heavy and painful menstrual bleeding
- A sensation of fullness or enlargement in the lower abdomen
- Frequent urination and difficulty urinating
- Pain during sexual intercourse
- Lower back pain
- Constipation and bowel problems
- Infertility and pregnancy-related problems
How Are Fibroids Diagnosed?
Fibroids may be detected during a gynaecological examination. Additional investigations such as ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and saline infusion sonography support the diagnosis and provide detailed information about the location of the fibroids.
How Are Fibroids Treated?
The treatment of fibroids depends on the patient’s symptoms, age, desire to have children and the size of the fibroid:
- Medical treatment: Pain-relieving medication, low-dose oral contraceptive pills or progesterone-containing treatments may be used for mild symptoms.
- Surgical methods: Fibroids may be removed using various surgical methods, including laparoscopy, hysteroscopy and open surgery.
In Which Situations Is Surgical Treatment Required?
Surgical treatment may be required in the following situations:
- Fibroids causing heavy bleeding and severe pain
- Rapid growth of the fibroid
- Growth of a fibroid during menopause
- Fibroids that prevent pregnancy
- Fibroids that place pressure on the bladder or bowel
Laparoscopic Treatment of Fibroids
Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical method that results in faster recovery and a shorter hospital stay. Your physician will determine whether you are a suitable candidate for this procedure. You may read our related blog article for further information.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Happens If a Fibroid Becomes Very Large?
It may place pressure on the bladder and bowel, causing urinary and bowel problems.
Are Fibroids Harmful?
Fibroids are generally harmless; however, in some cases, they may cause excessive bleeding and pain.
What Happens If a Fibroid Is Left Untreated?
As fibroids are usually benign, small fibroids that are not treated may be monitored.
Can a Fibroid Disappear on Its Own?
Fibroids may become smaller, particularly after menopause.
Can a Fibroid Prevent Urination?
Depending on its location, a fibroid may cause difficulty urinating.
Can a Fibroid Become Cancerous?
In very rare cases, fibroids may become cancerous.
Can Fibroids Prevent Pregnancy?
Fibroids generally do not prevent pregnancy. However, fibroids located along the inner wall of the uterus may affect fertility.
Fibroids may be serious conditions that affect women’s health. If you have any symptoms or questions, consulting an obstetrician and gynaecologist is the most appropriate step for your health. You can protect your health through regular check-ups and the support of your physician.
Receiving support from an experienced obstetrician and gynaecologist is highly important throughout this process. Prof. Dr Şadıman Kıykaç Altınbaş, a Specialist in Obstetrics and Gynaecology practising in Ankara, guides her patients as a physician specialising in the management of such conditions. You may contact us for further information.
